What is the common name of a rock layer that prevents the movement of groundwater?

The correct choice identifies a rock layer typically referred to as an aquaclude, which serves a specific function in the geological framework regarding groundwater movement. An aquaclude is characterized by its low permeability, meaning it does not allow water to pass through easily. As a result, it effectively prevents the movement of groundwater from one layer to another, creating separate hydrological zones.

In the context of groundwater hydrology, it is important to understand the role of various rock layers. An aquifer, for example, is a type of geological formation that can store and transmit water, whereas a permeable layer is conducive to fluid flow due to its structure. The term “confining layer” can also refer to rock layers that restrict groundwater movement, but it is less commonly used compared to aquaclude. Overall, the aquaclude's defining feature is its capacity to block water flow, making it a critical element in understanding groundwater systems and their dynamics.