What are distinctive layers found in soils called?

Distinctive layers found in soils are referred to as soil horizons. Each soil horizon represents a different layer within the soil profile, which is a vertical cross-section of the soil extending from the surface down to the parent material. Soil horizons can vary in color, texture, composition, and organic content, and they often include topsoil, subsoil, and parent material layers.

Understanding these horizons is crucial for studying soil formation and classification, as they provide insights into the environmental conditions and processes that have shaped a specific area over time. Each horizon plays a unique role in the soil's ability to support plant life, store water, and facilitate nutrient cycling, making them a fundamental concept in physical geography and soil science.